Protective factors
Not all trauma experienced children go on to develop mental health difficulties and many grow into resilient adults. Several factors can give children and young people protection from mental ill health and help build their resilience when they encounter adversity and challenges in life. These are:
Protective factors within the child:
- experience of a secure attachment (to help children feel loved and deserving of positive experiences)
- self-belief (feeling like they have the power to make positive changes/decisions)
- experiences of success
- hope and optimism
- faith
Protective factors within the family:
- at least one supportive adult
- unconditional, positive regard for the child
- clear, consistent boundaries
- education valued
- harmony and stability
- good housing and standard of living
Protective factors within schools:
- whole-school approach to promoting well-being
- positive relationships (with teachers and peers)
- clear and consistent boundaries
- early identification of issues and clear pathways to support
- pupil voice championed and open-door policies so children can raise problems
- involvement in clubs and societies
- involvement in volunteering and helping others
- opportunities for all children to make progress and experience success
- valuing and accepting all children’s contribution so they have a sense of belonging at school
Protective factors within communities:
- supportive, close-knit communities
- involvement in wider sport/leisure activities and clubs
- involvement in volunteering and helping others